Basic Statistical Techniques

Statistical Research Design and Basic Techniques in Epidemiological Research

Epidemiology has been defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human population and interpreting the observations. Epidemiology is a method of making and interpreting observations in biomedical investigations. These investigations deal with groups of people rather than individual cases and usually study both healthy and ill persons. Epidemiological resea...

Basic statistical models

1 Definition and the basic properties The Ising model (IM) was invented by Lenz. His student Ising has found the partition function of the 1d model and tried to solve 2d model but failed. The exact solution of 2d model was found by Onsager in 1942-1944. It is one of the fundamental results in statistical physics. The IM consist of spins σ x = ±1 ascribed to sites of a lattice x. The energy of ...

Basic probabilistic techniques

Warning: notes are incomplete and unchecked for correctness 1 Gaussian distribution 1.1 Definition The (standard) Gaussian distribution on the real line R is defined by its density function φ(z) := 1 √ 2π exp(−z 2 /2). The notation Z ∼ N (0, 1) means that the real-valued random variable Z follows the standard Gaussian distribution. The " N " probably comes from the fact that the distribution is...

Basic counting techniques

Statistical techniques

sample standard deviation, is the square root of sample variance. • R book, page 50: The th quantile is at position in the sorted data. If this is not an integer, a weighted average is used. For example, as the median is the 0.5 quantile, if is even, the position is a fraction, and hence an average is used as shown above in the definition of median. The th quantile splits the dataset so that 10...